Ukuqonda kwiNgcaciso ePhambili yoLawulo loKhuseleko Ulwakhiwo lwe-"Four-in-One" ye-Intrinsic Safety Architecture | IiNkokheli kunye namaKhadi kwiNtetho Isifundo sama-50 sooNobhala beQela

Ukuze kuphunyezwe ngokunzulu umoya kaNobhala Jikelele ka-Xi Jinping uthotho lweentetho ezibalulekileyo malunga nokhuseleko lwemveliso, ukomeleza isiseko solawulo lokhuseleko lwemveliso, ukuphelisa iingozi ezinokubakho, kunye nokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi, nge-25 kaMatshi, iKomiti yeQela laseGitane iqhube uqeqesho lwenkqubo yokulawula ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, kunye noNobhala weQela kunye noSihlalo weKomiti yeGang phantsi kwesihloko. ingqiqo yolawulo lokhuseleko, ukwakha inkqubo yokulawula ukhuseleko ". ULi Gang, uNobhala weKomiti yeQela kunye noSihlalo weBhodi yabaLawuli, wanikela intetho enesihloko esithi "Insight kwi-logic esisiseko yolawulo lokhuseleko kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokhuseleko se-intrinsic "four-in-one", kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwama-60, kubandakanywa iinkokeli, amacandelo aphakathi kwinqanaba, kunye namagosa oqeqesho athatha inxaxheba kwiyunithi nganye.

Kuqeqesho, i-Li Gang igxile "kuMthetho kaHeinrich", "umthetho ongenakuphikiswa wokufa kwiingozi zokhuseleko" kunye "nokwakha ngokutsha ulwakhiwo lwezokhuseleko lwe-inti-in-one ngokwengqiqo ephantsi", "Ukuphucula indlela yokhuseleko lwengqondo, uphucule inkqubo yokusebenza yolawulo lokhuseleko".

U-Li Gang ubonise ukuba amashishini afuna ukuphelisa iingozi ezinokubakho, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela iingozi ezinzulu zokhuseleko lwemveliso, eyona nto iphambili kukuba isuke kubunzima bemicimbi yolawulo lokhuseleko,indlela eya elula, yenza lula ukuntsokotha, fumanaingqiqo esisiseko yolawulo lokhuseleko, ukubumba ngokutsha imodeli yengqondo yolawulo lokhuseleko, ukuseta ngokutsha inkqubo yokusebenza yolawulo lokhuseleko, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yolawulo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi, unyango lweempawu, ugxininiso ekunyangeni oonobangela bengcambu, kunye nokufezekisa ubume obuyimfuneko benkqubo.ukhuseleko.

Umthetho kaHeinrich, owaziwa nangokuthi "uMthetho woKhuseleko kaHeinrich", "Unxantathu weNgozi" okanye "uMthetho kaHein", i-American security engineer.Heinrich's Law eyaziwayo, eyaziwa ngokuba "nguMthetho woKhuseleko kaHeinrich", "I-Accident Triangle" okanye "uMthetho kaHein", yithiyori yokuthintela ingozi kwimizi-mveliso ebekwe phambili yiNjineli yokhuseleko yaseMelika uWilliam Herbert.

U-Li Gang uthe uMthetho kaHeinrich utyhilaisakhiwo sephiramidiiingozi kunye 1:29:300:1000 imodeli isikali, kwaye iingozi ezinkulu zisisiphumo utshintsho qualitative emva kokuqokelelwa utshintsho quantitative, kwaye inani elikhulu leengxaki ezincinci ezingajongwanga ekugqibeleni zingakhokelela kwiziphumo eziyingozi.Iingozi ezininzi ekuqhutyweni komsebenzi ofanayo ziya kukhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo ekunciphiseni ukwenzeka kweengozi ezinkulu kwaye kuthintele ukwenzeka kwengozi enkulu. iingozi ezingenabungozi, ukunikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zokuqala zeengozi kunye nokuzama iingozi, kungenjalo ekugqibeleni kuya kukhokelela kwintlekele enkulu.Umthetho kaHeinrich ubonisaithiyori yekhonkco yengozi, ukwenzeka kweengozi zokulimala kwezoshishino, inkqubo yophuhliso ichazwa njengekhonkco leziganeko kunye nobudlelwane obuthile obubangela ukwenzeka kwenkqubo,nto leyo ebonisa ukuba thina kuqala, uthintelo yeyona nto ingundoqo yokunciphisa iinzame zeengozi kunye neengozi ezifihliweyo (ezantsi kwephiramidi) ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweengozi ezinkulu., kunokuba ugxininise kwiziphumo kuphela.Eyesibini yinkqubo yeengozi. Iingozi zihlala zibangelwa yimiba yezinto (ezifana nokuziphatha okungakhuselekanga komntu, iimeko ezingakhuselekanga, ukusilela kolawulo), ukuvimba nayiphi na ikhonkco kunokuphepha iingozi.Okwesithathu, utshintsho lobungakanani kutshintsho lomgangatho.Ukuqokelela kweengozi ezincinci ezifihliweyo kuya kunqumla umda wokhuseleko, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kutshintsho lwekhwalithi (iingozi ezinkulu).Okwesine, iingozi zokhuseleko ziyathinteleka kwaye ziyalawuleka.Ngolawulo oluluqilima lunokwenzeka ukuthintela iingozi, kukho indlela, kunokuba i-clutter kwaye akukho mkhondo.Ngokutsho komthetho wezibalo we-Heinrich, ugxininisa ukuphuculwa okusebenzayo kophando lwengozi efihliweyo, isilumkiso somngcipheko kunye nokungenelela okukhawulezileyo, kunokuba emva-inyaniso-inyaniso yokusukela uxanduva, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela nokulawula ukwenzeka kweengozi zokusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi, umsebenzi onzima, ingqiqo yokusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi, umsebenzi onzima, ixesha elide, umsebenzi onzima, ingcamango yenzululwazi, umsebenzi onzima, ixesha elide, umsebenzi onzima. ukomeleza ngokupheleleyo ulawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo inqanaba lolawulo lokhuseleko, ukusuka ekubhaqweni kwengxaki efihliweyo kunye nolawulo, ngakumbi ukupheliswa okubalulekileyo kweengozi ezifihliweyo ezantsi kwephiramidi, ngokuhambelana nengqiqo yesizathu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesiphumo, inqanaba ngenqanaba ukuya phezulu kuwo onke amanqanaba okuncitshiswa okubalulekileyo phezulu kuthanda ukuba kufutshane ne-zero.

ULi Gang utheingozi sisiganeko esingenakuphepheka kwingozi, kwintsimi yokhuseleko lwemveliso, ingozi isenokubonakala ngathi yenzeke ngengozi, okanye ngokwembono yezibalo, ishishini lenzeka ngesiquphe ingozi yokhuseleko, isiganeko senzeke ngesiquphe, kubonakala ngathi senzeka ngengozi. Kodwa ngenxa yengozi ethile, sisiganeko esingenakuphepheka. Ukuqokelelana, ukusuka kubungakanani ukuya kutshintsho lomgangatho kwisiphumo.Iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezingakumbi zikhona kwishishini, kokukhona kukho ixesha elide, kule ndawo, abantu okanye izinto ezivezwe kwindima yemitha ekonakaleni ixesha elide, kokukhona amathuba okuba enzekaliswa kukuqokelelana kokukhona okukhulu amathuba eengozi, kokukhona kukhokelele kwingozi, kokukhona ingozi ikhokelela kwingozi, ekugqibeleni ingozi ikhokelela kwingozi. yokhuseleko lwengqiqo, iingozi ezingapheliyo okanye ezingalawulwayo zibandakanya ukunqongophala komzimba, izikhewu kulawulo, kunye nobungozi obuqikelelwayo (i-cognitive biases), ebaluleke kakhulu, i-dynamically ehlayo, engenakuguqulwa, kwaye ibe nefestile yamathuba. Ukufa"!

Ingqiqo esisiseko yolawulo lokhuseleko kukuba iingozi zokhuseleko ezifihliweyo zisendle, iingozi ziphambili, kwaye iqumrhu eliphambili okanye indawo yokuqala yokuthintela ingozi ngokuqinisekileyo kumgca wangaphambili.Ngokusekwe "kwisiseko sokhuseleko" ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo "wokhuseleko olubalulekileyo", ukufumana ingqiqo esisiseko yolawulo lokhuseleko, lula ukuntsonkotha.Ukomeleza uthintelo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo kumgca wangaphambili ngundoqo wolawulo lokhuseleko.Undoqo wokhuseleko kukulawula iingozi kunye nokuthintela iingozi.Ukulawula iingozi, ukuthintela iingozi, iingozi zenzeke ebaleni, umngcipheko ungaphambili, ngoko ke ugxininiso lwethu lufanele lube kulawulo lomngcipheko kunye nendima yokuthintela umngcipheko kunye nokuthintela umngcipheko. Oko kukuthi, nokuba intsonkothe ​​kangakanani na inkqubo yethu yolawulo, nokuba luntsonkothe ​​kangakanani na ulwakhiwo lwenkampani, ekugqibeleni zonke iinzame zethu zezokomeleza uthintelo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo lomgca ongaphambili wendawo, ongundoqo wolawulo lokhuseleko, nto leyo engundoqo wolawulo lokhuseleko, nto leyo engundoqo wolwazi olusisiseko kubuchule bolawulo lokhuseleko kubasebenzi bethu bonke, ngoko ke oko kusisiseko sokukwazi ukulawula umngcipheko kubasebenzi. ukuchongwa, kunye nokuthintela umngcipheko kunye nolawulo.Kukho enye ingqiqo. Ikhono kunye namandla omgangatho ophezulu womelele kakhulu, kwaye unokubola inyathelo ngesinyathelo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba abasebenzi be-black-root-line abanamandla, kodwa ngokulandelelana, ukuba ulwazi kunye nokukwazi kwabasebenzi be-black-line-line banamandla, ukuqonda kunye nokukwazi kwamanqanaba aphakathi kunye naphezulu kufuneka kube namandla!

Ukwakhiwa "kokhuseleko olubalulekileyo" olusekelwe "kwisiseko sokhuseleko".kunye nokwandiswa okungaphezulu kolwandiso lokhuseleko oluyimfuneko phantsi komgaqo othi "akukho mntu ukhuselekileyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko, kunye neengozi ezizimeleyo" kugxininiso kunye nokunyathela kwingcambu yolawulo lomngcipheko oluphambili, uthintelo lwengozi kunye nokwakhiwa kokhuseleko olucwangcisiweyo oluyimfuneko, ingcamango yokhuseleko, yinkqubo eguquguqukayo ye-sublimation eqhubekayo kunye nokuphindaphinda, inqanaba lokuqala lokhuseleko loyilo loyilo lwe-intrived. ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, inqanaba lesibini lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokusebenza yokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa komthombo wolawulo lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi.

Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lunemilinganiselo emine, eyokuqala lukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwabantu.Ingcinga engundoqo iqulethwe ikakhulu kwimiba emine ye-intrinsic drive, isakhono-based, ukwakheka komkhwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuguquguqukayo, kwaye indlela yokuqonda yimfundo yokhuseleko kunye noqeqesho, ukulungelelaniswa kweendlela zokuziphatha, kunye nokungeniswa kwenkcubeko yokhuseleko.Okwesibini lukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwezinto.Amanqaku aphambili luyilo lokuphelisa iingozi ezifihliweyo, ukubuyisela izinto ezinobungozi, ukwenza lula inkqubo, ukuseta isithinteli sokhuseleko, uyilo oluchasene nokudumba, isilumkiso kwangethuba, ukusebenza okusemgangathweni, i-inshurensi ephindwe kabini, ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo, wonke umntu ligosa lokhuseleko, ulawulo lwamandla, uzinzo lukarhulumente, ukuphindaphinda kwetekhnoloji entsha, ikhonkco lokubonelela ngokhuseleko lwangaphakathi.Okwesithathu, ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko lwendawo yokusebenza.Amanqaku aphambili kukutshintsha okungeyongozi, ukwenziwa lula kwenkqubo, uyilo lokuphucula indawo, ubushushu bendalo esingqongileyo, ukufuma kunye neemeko zokukhanya ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho, kunye nokusebenzelana kwabantu nekhompyuter.Okwesine, ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yolawulo.Iingqikelelo ezingundoqo kulwakhiwo ngokutsha loyilo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukusekwa kolwakhiwo lolawulo lokhuseleko kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusekwa kwendlela yokulawula ukulandelela ezona zizathu ziphambili, ukukhuthazwa kokhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwale nkqubo, ulawulo olukrelekrele lweengozi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukulinywa kwenkcubeko yokhuseleko.

U-Li Gang wagxininisa ukuba, okokuqala, iinkokeli kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka zilawulwe ngokuhambelana nenqanaba lokhuseleko lwemodeli yengqondo,ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ukuya kubantu abanobungozi abangakhuselekanga, abantu abaxhomekeke kukhuseleko, abantu abakhuselekileyo bokuziphatha, undoqo wokhuseleko lwabantu kwiindidi ezine, ukwenza ulwahlulo oluhle noluchanekileyo, kwaye ngoko ngokuhambelana nenqanaba lokhuseleko,ulwabiwo lwamandla ahlukeneyo kunye nezibonelelo zokulawula ukulawula, umgaqo-nkqubo ochanekileyo, ngokukodwa ukulawula "izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili"Iimolekyuli ezinomngcipheko ophezulu, kwinqanaba elithile, ukufezekiswa kolawulo lokhuseleko lwabantu ukusuka kulawulo olubi ukuya kuguquko lolawulo oluhle.Okwesibini kukutshintsha imo yengqondo yolawulo lokhuseleko, ukuphucula inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko,ukusuka kwindlela elula yolawulo olungqongqo kunye nesohlwayo ukuya kwingcinga ecwangcisiweyo, ukubikezelwa komngcipheko, ukubunjwa kwenkcubeko kunye nemodi yokuphucula eqhubekayo, ukudibanisa ingcamango yokhuseleko kwintlangano, ulawulo lweshishini kunye nokucinga komntu kunye nokuziphatha kwengqiqo ephantsi.Ukuba "nokhuseleko - ishishini" ukucinga okuhlangeneyo, ekubambeni ukhuseleko, kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzi wokhuseleko kunye nomsebenzi woshishino kunye nokucwangciswa, kunye noyilo, kunye nokuhlolwa kunye nokubeka iliso, kunye novavanyo, kunye novavanyo kunye nomvuzo. Kufuneka ulahle ukhuseleko lukhuseleko, ishishini lishishini, iileya ezimbini zesikhumba, izinto ezimbini, kuba iingozi zokhuseleko zenzeke kwinkqubo yeshishini, ukhuseleko kunye nomsebenzi woshishino kufuneka wenziwe ngexesha elifanayo ";ukusuka kwi-passive ukuya kwingcinga esebenzayo,ulawulo lokhuseleko olungenzi nto, ulawulo aluyi kuba lunzulu, lungenankqubo kwaye lungenaxesha, kulula ukuvela!Iingozi zokhuseleko, kuyo yonke indawo zilinganiselwe, kulula ukungena kwisangqa esikhohlakeleyo.Ulawulo olusebenzayo lokhuseleko, luya kuthatha inyathelo lokuqala lokuphucula, ukucinga okusebenzayo, ucwangciso olusebenzayo, umsebenzi wolawulo lokhuseleko nawo uya kuba nobunzulu, ngexesha elikhuselekileyo, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula iya kudala imeko. umjikelo olungileyo wokuphucula okuqhubekayo;ukuba nokucinga ukusuka kumntu ukuya kwinkqubo, Ulawulo lokhuseleko yiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo, ukulawula indawo, ukulawula umntu akanakuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yonke ayiyongxaki, akukho ngozi, kuphela ukulawula yonke into, kuphela ngokulawula yonke into, inkqubo, yonke imeko, ukuze kungabikho ngozi iikhonsepthi zokhuseleko zomntu ngamnye, ulwazi ngokhuseleko kukhuseleko lwemikhwa yokusebenza kwaye emva koko ekuqiniseni imikhwa elungileyo, iqela kwakhona ukwenza inkqubo esemgangathweni, ukusebenza emgangathweni, umbutho kufuneka ingqalelo ukusekwa umbutho yonke inkqubo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi;ukuba nophuculo oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo lokucingaukuba ulawulo lokhuseleko aluze lulungiswe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa luyiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo. ingxelo yenkqubo yokuphucula"!Umjikelo olungileyo;ukuba nePDCA yolawulo oluvaliweyo lokucinga ezintlanu, lahla ukufunyanwa kwengxaki - yenza ukugxeka - ukubeka phambili iimfuno zomsebenzi, akukho kulandelwa kulawulo lwemikhwa, ukuphuhlisa ukufunyanwa kwengxaki - ukumakishwa kwebhentshi - uhlalutyo lwezizathu - ukuphuhliswa kwemilinganiselo ekujoliswe kuyo - amanyathelo acacileyo okuphumeza amanyathelo - amanyathelo okuvavanya umphumo wolawulo lokhuseleko lolawulo lwendlela yokulawula ukhuseleko lokuziphatha kuphela.

Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yolawulo kunye nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwabantu, izinto, kunye nokusingqongileyo okusebenzayo kwenza "i-4-in-one" isakhiwo sokhuseleko sangaphakathi, kunye nokudityaniswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji, inkqubo, ulawulo kunye nenkcubeko, ukufakwa kwejene zokhuseleko kwindawo, kunye nokusetha kwakhona ulawulo lokhuseleko "inkqubo yokusebenza" ukusuka kwingcamango yolawulo lokhuseleko kunye nokwakhiwa kwendalo, ukuqonda ukhuseleko "lokukhusela" kunye nokulawula ukhuseleko olungenasiphelo ukusuka "kukhuseleko lokuthotyelwa" ukuya "kukhuseleko olusebenzayo".Inkqubo yokusebenza, ukuqonda ulawulo lokhuseleko ukusuka "kukhuseleko olusebenzayo" ukuya kwi-"immunity esebenzayo" ukuxhuma, ukusuka "kukhuseleko lokuthotyelwa" ukuya "kukhuseleko".Iye yaqaphela ukutsiba kolawulo lokhuseleko ukusuka "kukhuselo olusebenzayo" ukuya "kukhuseleko olusebenzayo", kunye nokusuka "ukuthobela ukhuseleko" ukuya "kukhuseleko olugqwesileyo".